Atomic model2/20/2023 ![]() ![]() ![]() Valence electrons - electrons on the outer-most energy level of any atom. Subatomic- any smaller part of an atom such as a proton, neutron, or electron. Quantum - a specific amount of energy that can be absorbed by an electron as it moves from ground state to excited state, or released by an electron as it falls from the excited state back to ground state. Pauli exclusion principle - when an orbital holds two electrons, the electrons much have opposite spin. Orbital - a region of space around the nucleus of an atom where an electron is likely to be found. Model - a physical, conceptual, or mathematical representation of a real phenomenon whose purpose is to explain and predict the observed phenomenon. Isotope - the same element with different numbers of neutrons. Ionization energy - the amount of energy required to remove one valence electron from an atom. Ion - an atom with a positive or negative charge. Hund's Rule - When placing electrons in equal energy orbitals, electrons should not be paired until each equal energy orbital contains one electron. ![]() Ground state - the lowest energy state within electron orbitals. Atomic number - the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.Ītomic radius - the distance from the atom's nucleus to the outermost energy level.Īverage atomic mass - a weighted average of all of the isotopes of that element in the universe.Įffective nuclear charge (Zsubeff) - the net positive charge experienced by the valence electrons from the nucleus.Įlectron - a tiny particle with a negative charge that is found outside the nucleus of an atom.Įlectron configuration - the order in which electrons are arranged in an atom.Įlectronegativity - the ability of an atom to attract additional electrons.Įnergy sublevel - a smaller part within a primary energy level.Įxcited state - an atom, ion or molecule with an electron in a higher than normal energy level than its ground state. ![]()
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